Free Will and Divine Foreknowledge Essay

Unrestrained choice is the capacity to settle on our own decisions in issues with respect to all parts of life. It is a force that empowers us to settle on our own decisions that are not influenced by outside components, for example, perfect will. In this manner, every one sins by his/her own will. While, divine foresight is the way that God has total information on what will occur later on. In â€Å"On Free Choice of the Will†, St. Augustine talks about a basic issue which is the contradiction of man’s through and through freedom and God’s prescience. So the inquiry is, do we truly have through and through freedom regardless of the way that God foreknows everything? In the event that God realizes what should essentially occur straightaway, at that point how have the through and through freedom to settle on our own decisions? Augustine thinks of a progression of contentions to demonstrate that we sin by our own will with no intercession of the heavenly foresight. Augustine originally contended a quality of God that He has through and through freedom, and that He has foresight of his own activities. In this manner, both God’s will and foresight oblige one another. Starting here he at that point accept that man’s will and God’s foresight are both good. Be that as it may, would we be able to contrast God and man? What's more, is this contention persuading enough? More elaboration must be provided so as to make it all the more persuading. Augustine at that point continues to do as such. He expresses that individuals who don't have faith in the similarity of through and through freedom and celestial prescience are the individuals who â€Å"are more anxious to pardon than admit their sins† (p. 73). That implies that individuals who consistently censure others for their own off-base doings as opposed to letting it be known are the individuals who guarantee that we have no through and through freedom and that everything is as of now known by God, and that nothing can be changed, which they additionally use as an avocation for their off-base activities. These individuals carry on with their life by some coincidence, leaving everything as indicated by the conditions as opposed to attempting to take great activities. A model for that is the bums, who consistently attempt to take cash from individuals without giving anything consequently or in any event, having work, in spite of the fact that they can do as such. But since of their apathy and their conviction this is the thing that they were made to be, they leave everything to occur by karma and as indicated by God’s premonition that couldn’t be changed (p. 73). Augustine at that point moves to another point which is the connection between the will and the ability to accomplish that will. He expresses that the will itself is inside our capacity. In this manner, our craving to submit certain demonstrations is a force that we own. Yet, on the off chance that we will something that isn't inside our capacity, at that point it isn't considered as a will since we can just will what is inside our capacity. Augustine at that point talks about that on the off chance that something great transpires, at that point it is agreement to our will, not against it. So for instance, being glad, despite the fact that God foreknows that you will be in this way, doesn’t imply that we are upbeat without wanting to. In this way, God’s foresight of our bliss doesn’t remove our will to be upbeat (p. 76). Thus, he presumes that in the event that God foreknows our will, at that point certainly this will happen, thus it will be a will later on. Therefore, his premonition doesn’t remove our will. What's more, since that what we will is in our capacity, God foreknows our capacity and He won't remove it. Thus, we will have that power since God foreknows it (p. 77). So Augustine made it understood â€Å"that it is fundamental that whatever God has foreknown will occur, and that he foreknows our wrongdoings so that our wills stay free and are with in our power† (p.77). In any case, the way that God’s foresight of our transgressions is predictable with our through and through freedom in erring despite everything remains flawed. Thinking about the way that God is simply, so how can He rebuff our transgressions that occur by need? Or then again is God’s premonition not a commitment? The theme is as yet befuddling so Augustine at that point continues to make it more clear. He clarifies that in the event that we are sure that somebody is going to sin, at that point we have prescience with the bad behavior that he/she will submit. This premonition didn’t drive them to do as such, yet it was finished willingly. In like manner, their will to sin is reliable with our premonition of that transgression. In this manner, â€Å"God powers nobody to sin, despite the fact that he anticipates the individuals who are going to sin by their own will† (p. 78). Augustine at that point contrasts foresight and memory. He expresses that our â€Å"memory doesn't compel the past to have happened†, and correspondingly God’s prescience of things to come doesn’t drive it to happen (p. 78). What's more, we recall things in the past that we have done yet didn’t do everything that we recollect, in like manner God foreknows everything that He will cause later on, yet doesn’t cause everything that is inside His premonition (p. 78). Therefore, God rebuffs our transgressions that we do by our own will and which He didn't cause, as God is known by his equity. Augustine at that point thinks of a decent contention for each one of the individuals who are still marginally befuddled, that on the off chance that God ought not rebuff us for our transgressions that He predicts, at that point He likewise shouldn’t reward us for our great work that He additionally anticipates (p. 78). To finish up, Augustine prevailing with regards to thinking of a decent contention demonstrating that man’s through and through freedom and God’s premonition are both good. The succession of his thoughts made his contention reasonable and persuading for any peruser. As a peruser, I’ve consistently considered that subject yet didn’t get any answers. In any case, perusing â€Å"On Free Choice of the Will† made everything understood for me and made me very much persuaded that God’s foresight doesn’t intercede with our own decisions that we make. Works Cited Williams, Thomas. On Free Choice of the Will. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. , 1993. 129. Print.

Capitalism Free Essays

Michael Moor’s understanding of private enterprise sets the negative connotation and course the film is going to take directly from the earliest starting point. â€Å"Giving and taking, yet for the most part taking† is Michael Moor’s understanding of private enterprise. He infers that private enterprise is a procedure wherein somebody will exploit another person. We will compose a custom article test on Private enterprise or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Moore at that point Interviewed a â€Å"condo vulture†, where he clarifies how he exploits others setbacks to make a benefit. Wood additionally communicates this dust In his article. â€Å"Capitalism is progressively prone to bring dispossession and decimation without material advantages, at any rate for the immense majority’ (Wood 1998). This is an ideal case of how Wood and Michael Moore share a similar conviction on private enterprise. The â€Å"condo vulture† purchases abandoned homes and afterward offers them to make a benefit. The dispossession of a home and the setback of somebody to be ousted from their house Is the thing that the â€Å"condo vultures† feed on. This Is a case of how Michael Moor’s and Wood’s conviction on free enterprise has woken up. Profiting by the incidents of others for an individual addition. The film presents a Juvenile confinement place in Pittston Township, Pennsylvania. It was an open company that ran off of the expense payer’s cash. A man named Robert Powell purchased the confinement place in 2003. He transformed it to a private organization and renamed It â€Å"PA Child Care†. Following nine months of maintaining his new business, he was found paying Judges Michael coachman and Mark Collateral 2. 6 million dollars to conclude that regardless of what the seriousness of the case is, they needed to see all the adolescents as blameworthy. They would then keep the Juveniles in detainment longer then they should, so they can get more citizens cash to subsidize the company. This model In the film exemplified a hypothesis that we have perused in the Sorter perusing. Companies have developed as the overwhelm Governance Institutions on the planet. Progressively It Is the corporate Interests more than the human Interests that characterize the approach plans of states† (Sorter 1995). Dad Child care again exploited the American individuals. As Sorter has stated, the corporate intrigue was more noteworthy than the human intrigue. Robert Powell was centered around benefit and didn’t care about how his activities were unlawful or that he was exploiting individuals. What's more, this outrage happened The film laid the fault on the Reagan Administration for the lawful changes made that gave extraordinary capacity to organizations. Michael Moore shows how Reagan offered capacity to these partnerships through new laws he passed while in office. He began by having the proprietor of Merrill Lynch as his treasury. This was a case of how organizations began to politically impact laws. He disposed of the automobile business and laid off laborers. Reagan despised associations, compensation didn’t increment and the corporate expense rates were sliced down the middle. We presently begin to see a move to a progressively Neo-Liberalism’s ways. These progressions are like what Mace had called attention to in his article. â€Å"Ronald Reagan as president in 1980 introduced a coordinated and profoundly fruitful exertion to move back the lock on the social and monetary changes that had made the comprehensively based thriving that made America the new of the world and to make a worldwide economy that was increasingly receptive to U. S. Corporate interests (Mace 2003)†. The Reagan organization moved the Anti-Trust strategy. This presently permits enterprises to union or get each other out. Courts created teachings that permitted organizations to square state laws and duties. Ecological work rules debilitated. These laws being lifted have helped organizations to be as ground-breaking and politically compelling as they are today. Both Michael Moore and Mace accuse the Reagan organization for the ascent of corporate strength. The new laws that the Reagan organization presented the start of organizations combining to make gigantic companies,therefore benefits. One of our first readings in this course was â€Å"Global Shift† by Peter Dickens. In the perusing, Dickens discusses Transnational Corporations or â€Å"Tan’s†. He depicts Tan’s as â€Å"capitalist ventures with a drive for profit† (Dickens). Dickens depicts enterprises as having an inspiration to take part in TNT activities. He gives two separate inspirations, one Ewing market direction. Market direction is â€Å"obvious attractions to a particular market due to the size† (Dickens). Organizations settles on explicit choices dependent on showcase size in such a case that the market is huge enough there is a higher opportunity to create benefit. This thought raised by Dickens looks like a section in the film when Michael Moore examines the merger among Citron and Travelers Group, making Citreous. Both Citron and Travelers Group were mammoths in the budgetary administrations showcase. Each had gigantic portion of the market and made a lot of benefit dependent on their piece of the overall industry. The merger between these two mammoths shows that Dickens’ hypothesis about a corporation’s inspiration for advertise direction happens, all things considered. These two organizations perceived the potential for on the off chance that they consolidated their piece of the pie. Joining piece of the overall industry might make to some degree a restraining infrastructure for Citreous, dispensing with rivalry and giving Citreous a lot of intensity and impact in the monetary administrations advertise. Michael Moore was attempting to show this through his film by referencing this merger. He accepts companies are being given a lot of intensity and control. Citreous, being near a restraining infrastructure, has the force and impact to settle on choices in the budgetary administrations advertise that would take into account their necessities and disregard the requirements of other raised by Sorter. Sorter examines the merger of J. P. Morgan and John D. Rockefeller. Both Morgan and Rockefeller understood that the serious fights between them were diminishing their benefits. Both chose to blend and merge their capacity to increase bigger piece of the overall industry which thus wiped out rivalry. â€Å"J. P. Morgan and John D. Rockefeller Joined powers in 1901 to amalgamate 112 corporate privileged people, consolidating $22. 2 billion in resources under the Northern Securities Corporation of New Jersey’ (Sorter). Sorter portrays the consequence of this merger as â€Å"the heart of the American economy had been put under one rooftop, from banking and steel to railways, urban travel, correspondences, the vendor marine, protection, electric utilities, elastic, paper, sugar refining, copper, and grouped different pillars of the modern infrastructure† (Sorter, D. 1995). Free enterprise gives these partnerships a stage to participate in activities like market direction and arrangements of restraining infrastructures which permits organizations to increase very much a lot of intensity and impact. The issue with imposing business models is that they set the market cost. This would be incapable to society as we would be exploited and not have a lot of individual state on how strategies ought to be changed. Both Moore and Sorter utilized mergers for instance to show how incredible these organizations can be. All in all, I found that the models Moore raised in the movie were straightforwardly pertinent to the readings we have perused in class. The readings gave a hypothesis on the threats of organizations, and the film demonstrated genuine instances of these speculations. I accept that there ought to be more guidelines set up to keep these occasions from occurring. It can just deteriorate later on once organizations become bigger and keep on purchasing out rivalry. Society doesn’t advantage from organizations laying off specialists Just to acquire benefit. Corporate intrigue is gradually getting more prominent than human intrigue and will just deteriorate later on. What helped me arrive at a resolution was what I have gained from course woke up in Michael Moor’s narrative. It was a genuine eye opener and arrangements should be changed. The most effective method to refer to Capitalism, Papers

Bipolar Disorder Medical ID Bracelets

Bipolar Disorder Medical ID Bracelets Youve probably heard of medical alert jewelry or ID cards for certain medical conditions that may cause life-threatening emergencies, such as diabetes, heart problems, and drug and food allergies. However, anyone with an ongoing medical conditionâ€"including mental health disorders such as bipolar disorder, depression or anxietyâ€"as well as those who take medications on a regular basis may also want to consider using medical IDs. They can be invaluable, life-saving resources. Why Wear Medical Alert Jewelry for Bipolar Disorder There are many compelling reasons to seriously consider wearing medical alert bracelets or necklaces if you have bipolar disorder or any type of mental health condition. Here are some:     In the event of an emergency, where you cant speak for yourself or are unconscious, a medical ID can help medical personnel give you appropriate and swift medical care.Emergency responders are trained to look for medical IDs when they are assessing patients (say, at the site of a car accident or if youve called 911), and medical alert jewelry immediately alerts them to your health condition.Medical alert jewelry reduces treatment errors that can happen when doctors lack a patients health records upon hospital admission.Mixing psychiatric medications with other types of medication can be dangerous; a medical ID can prevent that type of harmful medical error from happening. Types of Medical IDs Anyone can find the perfect medical ID piece for his or her tastes in an array of bracelets, charms and emblems, necklaces and dog tags, sports bands, and cuffs, anklets, and even watches. There are also a number of alternatives to jewelry. The most common is the medical ID card, which can include a great deal more information than an emblem. Some companies offer engraved pill containers as well. What to Include The back of medical alert jewelry is usually where your personal information is listed or engraved. It can include information such as your medical condition, food or drug allergies, medicines, and an emergency contact number. Obviously, the amount of space available on a jewelry emblem is limited (usually only 3-5 lines of about 15 characters each) so this information must be brief. If you need more space, one option is to include a line on a piece of medical alert jewelry that indicates you carry a medical ID card. Here are some examples: Bipolar DisorderLithium ZoloftPenicillin AllergyContact HusbandJoe Smith888.555.1234Panic AttacksBipolar DisorderFood AllergiesSee Wallet Card Whatever you cant fit on your medical alert jewelry or tag can be recorded on a medical ID card for easy reference. This usually includes  name, birth date, address, telephone numbers, emergency contacts, physicians names, and phone numbers, medical conditions, medications, food, and drug allergies as well as the date it was printed. It may also indicate if you are an organ donor or have a living will. Some individuals choose to join a medical information organization as well, such as MedicAlert. The back of their medical ID carries their member identification number and a toll-free number to reach the organization, which holds an updated medical profile for them. What If You Cant Afford Medical Alert Jewelry? Most of the companies that sell these pieces of jewelry have very inexpensive versions available. You can also look online for templates to print your own wallet card. In addition, MedicAlert offers sponsored memberships.

Roaring Twenties A Decade Of Extravagance - 939 Words

Roaring Twenties: A Decade of Extravagance The Roaring Twenties was a time of fun and delight the stock market was booming and America was thriving while other countries were experiencing turmoil in aftermath of the First World War. Returning from the horrors of war, writers were inspired by romance and the riches America had. Using their unique creative expression, many of the writings from the Twenties were a commentary on social life, the good and bad. Each story holds a different theme, different message, and different romance, however, each piece of work was individualistic to the writer, and to his experiences. America was entering a new era, and literature was at the forefront to change. In the Twenties literature was booming with authors such as F. Scott Fitzgerald, T.S. Eliot, William Falkner, Langston Hughes, and Ernest Hemmingway all found their spotlight each with an original work of literature that got the human race not only entertained but aware. In the novel The Grea t Gatsby, penned by F. Scott Fitzgerald, a story about a rich man living in the early 1920’s New York. The titular character, Gatsby, has an interesting story that was one of the first modern day love stories. Gatsby had an extravagant mansion which people partied in until the sun would come up, known as â€Å"The party of the year†. In the 1920’s people were living like it was the end of the world; partying, getting drunk, not caring about anything, and most importantly they were spending money.Show MoreRelatedThe Great Depression Of The 1920 S1706 Words   |  7 Pagesthis decade, America became the richest nation in the world. The 1920’s, also referred to as the roaring twenties, was a period of dramatic and social change. More Americans during this era lived in the city rather than on a farm. The nation’s wealth doubled throughout the roaring twenties, and lead the Stock Market Crash of 1929 where the Great Depression followed after this time period. This time period was known as a noisy period categorized by fast changing lifestyles, final extravagances, andRead MoreSetting Is The Most Versatile Device An Author1454 Words   |  6 Pagesstock market crash in October of 1929. The Roaring Twenties is seen as a decade of partying, drinking, and jazz. Fitzgerald s literature is one of the hallmarks of this Jazz Age and his own fast-paced lifestyle epitomized the extravagance of his American generation. The stock market crash brought the party to a screeching halt and ushered America into the Great Depression.† â€Å"It left millions of Americans, who formally prospered during the roaring twenties, out of work, disillusioned, and blaming themselves†Read MoreThe Death Of The American Dream1977 Words   |  8 PagesDeath of the American Dream in the 1920s and the Narrative of The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald named the boisterous era known as the Roaring Twenties the â€Å"Jazz Age,† a name fitting for the cultural upheaval that occurred during the decade. The 1920s were referred to as so because of the dramatic change that took place in the United States during the decade, so dramatic that it was internationally recognized as a turbulent period in the United States by other countries. The United States’ interestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pages Scott Fitzgerald takes place in the midst of the Roaring Twenties – a time of decadent parties and foolhardy celebration by those of newfound wealth, ushered in by the prosperity of innovation and opportunity in a post-war economy. In the Jazz Age, the American Dream seems to be thriving. Jay Gatsby, a lively entrepreneur in Long Island’s West Egg, uses his success to throw lavish parties in pursuit of a long lost love from the previous decade: Daisy Buchanan. Daisy lives across the bay in EastRead MoreGreat Gatsby Chapter One Close Reading1430 Words   |  6 Pagespublished in 1925, pictures the wasted American Dream as it depicts the 1920s in America. The novel paints a vivid picture of the ‘roaring’ twenties, a time when values of the old generation were being rejected. Skirts became shorter and women cut their hair into bobbed styles; a lifestyle with little moral or religious restraint began to appear. It was a time of extravagance and high living. On the other hand, the 1920s was also a time of extreme loneliness and non-identity as people longed for lifeRead MoreFlapper Dream Analysis1477 Words   |  6 Pages Hartt 5 implementing personal experience about the lifestyle of the 1920s into the story, Fitzgerald shows how the wildness of the roaring twenties distracts its victims through irresponsible living that included meaningless frivolity. Finally, Dexter’s distress over hearing that Judy was not as beautiful as he thought insinuates that the ignorance of youth masks the irresponsibility andRead MoreIn America, During The 1920S, A Decade Known As The Roaring1338 Words   |  6 PagesIn America, during the 1920s, a decade known as The Roaring Twenties, there was a transformation in American prosperity due to the rise of consumer culture and, increasingly, materialism became more prominent in society. Americans, in newfound prosperity, looked to increase their wealth without limitations and consumed itself with leisure culture for self-gratification. As more Americans looked to satisfy their lives through wealth and consumerism, the old ideals of the American dream, of a hopeRead MoreAnalysis Of F. Scott Fitzgerald2297 Words   |  10 Pagesbeing made, which gave society newfound optimism. However, due to bad investments made by stockholders, the stock market crashed in 1929, sending America spiraling into a cri ppling depression for the next decade (â€Å"A Changing Society† 96). F. Scott Fitzgerald was the most notable author of the decade, and he was largely self-created. He spent the majority of his life devoted to writing, whether as a pastime, an occupation, or a way to prove his worthiness to the love of his life. His life was ultimatelyRead MoreThe Absolute Value Of America1555 Words   |  7 Pagesand people’s obsession with material items in modern society. The 1920s, also known as the â€Å"Roaring twenties,† was a time of increased wealth and prosperity for some. After World War I, production in America increased dramatically due to inventions such as the assembly line and little to no government interference in business. People were able to revel in the new developments that came out of this decade: cars, radio, jazz, vacuums, refrigerators, washing machines, movies, and many other advancementsRead MoreWhat Makes A New Fashion?1796 Words   |  8 PagesAmong the decades of history, many trends have been introduced by the power of people; however, some fads became more popular than others. Popularity in the latest fashions has to do with how easy to wear, creative, and different the fashions are. Creative trends usually get people’s attention because the they stand out more. A different look, however, tends to capture people’s attention, so one trend is not worn for a long time. In order to create a new fashion, there has to be a modern element

All Quiet On The Western Front - 826 Words

Paul is German, but he can just as easily be any soldier. To an American reader, Baumer is the enemy since he is a German soldier in WWI. But through the expression of Baumer s thoughts and emotions, we quickly realize the commonality between soldiers of both sides, and the pointlessness of war, with thousands of men dying for nothing. All Quiet on the Western Front separates the cold sterile facts and figures and gives the reader insight into the experiences of an ordinary soldier. The author’s main theme centers not only on the loss of innocence by Paul and his soldiers, but the loss of an entire generation. The soldiers of all nations watched their friends die, starve and lose a part of themselves. Paul’s story is universal and relevant today as was when it was first published. All Quiet on the Western Front is told from the perspective of German soldier, Paul Baumer, who journals about the brutality and callousness of war. The novel chronicles the demise of Paul and his classmates from high school graduation and military basic training to the trenches of WWI battlefields. Paul Baumer, is as an idealistic young poet swept away by the Rhetoric of his teacher and the misguided patriotism of his peers. He is in many ways just a child that hasn’t traveled beyond his own backyard. The novel starts off with Kemmerich dying a slow and painful death. Kemmerich owns a nice pair of boots. Fellow soldier, Muller, want them for himself. He is focused on his own survival,Show MoreRelatedAll Quiet of the Western Front756 Words   |  3 PagesPlot Summary: All Quiet on the Western Front Written by Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front is the tale of a young man by the name of Paul. Paul who is nineteen years old gathers several of his friends from school and together they voluntarily join the army fighting for the Axis alliance. Before they are sent off into actual battle, they are faced with the brutal training camp. Along with this they face the cruelty of the life of a soldier. This made them question the reason forRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front700 Words   |  3 PagesThe greatest war novel of all time, All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque, is a novel that depicted the hardships of a group of teenagers who enlisted in the German Army during World War 1. Enlisting right out of high school forced the teens to experience things they had never thought of. From the life of a soilder on the front line to troubles with home life, war had managed to once again destroy a group of teenagers. Throughout the novel, we saw the men of the Second CompanyRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1797 Words   |  8 PagesTitle: All Quiet on the Western Front Creator: Erich Maria Remarque Date of Publication: 1929 Class: War Novel Anecdotal Information about Author: -Erich Maria Remarque was conceived on 22 June 1898 into a working people family in the German city of Osnabrà ¼ck to Peter Franz Remark (b. 14 June 1867, Kaiserswerth) and Anna Maria (nà ©e Stallknecht; conceived 21 November 1871, Katernberg). -During World War I, Remarque was recruited into the armed force at 18 years old. On 12 June 1917, heRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front943 Words   |  4 Pages The book All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque, is about a group of 19 year old young men who are changed by the ways of war. There is paul: the main character; Tjaden: a tall, skinny locksmith, also the biggest eater; Albert Kropp: a lance-corporal and the clearest thinker; Muller: studious, intelligent, and likes school; Leer: has a preference for the girls from the prostitution houses and has a beard; Haie Westhus: a peat-digger, and big in size; Deterring: a peasant, he alwaysRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front2393 Words   |  10 PagesAll Quiet on the Western Front: Book Review Erich Maria Remarque, author of All Quiet on the Western Front, actually fought in WWI (Remarque 297). Because of this, he was able to write this book with accurate depictions of the war. He writes how being in combat can really take a toll on a person and affect them in a negative way. He also writes of the pain and suffering that the soldiers must cope with that comes along with living in constant fear and danger. When looking at the title of theRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front2085 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will consider the different effects created by Erich Maria Remarque in his novel All Quiet on the Western Front. As a writer, Remarque unknowingly left his novel open to readers with completely different perspectives, and to various forms of criticism. This undoubtedly meant that every single reader had been affected by the novel in many different ways which unfortunately for Remarque may have been an effect that he never intended. This essay is divided into 5 main sections. Firstly itRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1089 Words   |  5 Pages In Erich Maria Remarque’s novel, All Quiet on the Western Front, human nature is the only abstract periphery between belligerent barbarism and justifiable violence. Through the insipid bombardments that rained shells over the Germans’ heads and noxious implementation of mustard gas, Remarque dexterously misleads the reader into believing that he fights in an apathetic war where all remnants of human nature and identity have been destroyed with the introduction of trench warfare. Through Paul Baumer’sRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1509 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"He fell in October 1918, on a day that was so quiet and still on the whole front, that the army report confined itself to a single sentence: All quiet on the Western Front† (Remarque 296). Paul Baumer, the narrator of All Quiet on the Western Front, enlisted into the German army at a young age of nineteen with a group of friends from school. Kantorek, Paul’s teacher, â€Å"gave us long lectures until the whole of our class went, under his shepherding, to the District Commandant and volunteered† (RemarqueRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1129 Words   |  5 PagesIn Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front, soldiers at the front have a better idea than civilians of the true n ature of war because they have experienced the war while civilians have only read about it or listened to government propaganda. Remarque is trying to tell us that only those who experience the war can understand how awful war truly is. In All Quiet on the Western Front, the main character Paul goes back to his home, the people he meets still think that the Germans are winningRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1790 Words   |  8 Pagessmell of cigar smoke, gunpowder, and dirt that filled the air. There was no nationalism; all Paul wanted was survival. World War I was supposed to be about nationalism and the propaganda forced upon the soldiers to feel superiority over other countries, but Paul helps to prove otherwise, as his story tells what is was like to be at the front, and how tough it was to be a soldier. â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† portrays war as it was actually experienced, replacing the romantic picture of glory and

Cloud Computing Free Essays

Each group Is expected to work on a project and by end-term, submit a hard copy of the project and also, In summary, present the findings. The project should reflect your learning’s from the BIT course. Hence, the topic selection has to be such that your project should address one of the following two Study In depth any ONE area of IT Investments In an organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Cloud Computing or any similar topic only for you Order Now The study has to highlight the business objectives addressed by the system approach to implementation analysis of success or failure of the implementation. What you would have done differently – give alternative solutions and recommendations Finally, what Business related benefits were derived from the IT investments It will be Important to analyze in light of Management, Organization and Technology aspects of Implementation. Study of ONE technology for Its applicability, usefulness and Its Implications for organizations across an Industry. Study the business objectives for which the Information system was Implemented In different organizations. You study should cover the following analysis: Is purpose and need for hat particular technology Information system the same across all companies studied? Were the business goals the same for the technology implementation? Did all companies face the same risks, problems and challenges in implementing the technology within the company? Did you observe any common trend or practice emerging across companies of the same industry? Finally, what Business related benefits were derived from the IT investments Suggested list of technologies and industries that can be studied: Technologies Industries Cloud computing, AAAS, alas, Fertilization Retail Enterprise applications Like Banking, Financial services e-Business e-commerce Insurance Social media Manufacturing, Automobile Data-warehouse and Bal Telecoms You can select your own technology or combination of technology and industry. Submission of Synopsis Each group Is expected to write a synopsis ( not more than 2 pages) of the project the group intends to do. Synopsis will cover the Topic of the project Approach the group intends to follow Broad sections of the report Division of effort – list the responsibilities allocated to each member of the group Project Report Project report will be submitted in soft copy. The report should tallest be of 12 pages and not exceed more than 25-30 pages. Your report should reflect your group’s analysis and effort. Any report which I find has been directly downloaded from one source and reproduced will be completely rejected and no marks will be given to that group. Important dates 1 . Submission of synopsis: Gag 31st 2. Project submission: End of 18th session. The date will be confirmed by Seep 4th How to cite Cloud Computing, Papers Cloud Computing Free Essays These combine together and deliver services such as the delivery of software, Infrastructure and storage. There are different types of cloud computing. There are public clouds, private clouds and hybrid clouds. We will write a custom essay sample on Cloud Computing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Public clouds are virtual data center. A service provider such as Dropped makes resources available over the Internet. Private cloud are usually inside an organization’s firewall but it also could a private space dedicated to the organization provided by a service provider. Hybrid cloud combines both aspects of public and private cloud. What are the advantages of cloud computing? Cloud computing is very cost efficient as it is very easy to maintain and use. Cloud computing Is a lot cheaper than traditional software. As cloud computing is very high productive, It saves a lot of money and time. Besides cost efficiency, one of the advantages of cloud computing is that most cloud service providers are usually competent to recover information. It is much easier to backup and recover information than on physical storage device. Another advantage of cloud computing would be Its automatic software Integration function. Automatic software Integration means a person does not take hard effort to customize and Integrate applications. Cloud computing allows the person to customize easily. Not only it’s very easy to customize, cloud computing is also very easy to access information. A person can easily access the cloud from every single corner In the world with Internet access anytime. What are the disadvantages of cloud computing? Cloud computing offers a lot of positive aspects. But, It also has Its downside. From time to time, cloud computing system face some serious technical issues. Sometimes it is dysfunctional despite it is constantly maintained. Security issue is also one of the biggest concern in cloud computing. If an organization is using a cloud computing service provider, confidential personal information or other sensitive Information could be exposed to the third party. Hence, it is important to make sure that a cloud service provider you’re going to choose is secure. Cloud computing is very easily exposed by hackers or any kinds of threat because anything on the Internet is vulnerable to attacks. Cloud computing has made it very easy to access Information but one of the biggest flaws Is that It doesn’t provide with a lot of space. Most of the cloud service providers only provide less than BIBB of space to its user. A business 1 OFF organization chose a service provider, the organization depends a lot on the service provider. It would be very troublesome to switch from a service provider to another. It would take a lot of time to transfer all the files. How could a Canola Computer Store customer use Dropped? Dropped can store photos, documents, videos and files for its users. Dropped has applications for several platforms such as computer, mobile phones and tablets. Dropped is also accessible on the Internet. Dropped also allows its users to share their folders with whomever they desire. Besides sharing a folder, Dropped users can also send links of specific files, photos and folders. Dropped is a free service and you can sign up at www. Dropped. Com. Part B: Disposal of Data and Computer Components What are the two methods of secure data disposal? Sims Recycling Solutions offers two kinds of secure data disposal. They offer data wiping and data shredding method. How does each method disposes the data? Sims Recycling Solutions uses the data wiping method by using the industry leading data cleaner software called Balance to wipe the data in the hard drive. Data herding method is also used by Sims Recycling Solutions. Data is disposed by physically shredded by large shredding machines. Why dispose data using data wiping method? Data wiping is an excellent method for reusing purpose. Some organization uses the data wiping method to wipe all the data then remarked it and sell. By using data wiping method, an organization can rescue components of an equipment for maintenance and sale purposes. Data wiping also allows an organization to refurbish an equipment and donate for charities as it wipes all the data inside. Why dispose data using data shredding method? Data shredding is perfect if reusing an equipment is not an option hence requires data shredding method to physically destroy the equipment. It is also a good choice for Solid State Memory and non-magnetic storage devices such as DVD’s and compact disc (CD) because these kinds of storage devices need data shredding method to destroy them securely. How Sims Recycling Solutions deals responsibly, ethically and in an environmental friendly manner with electronic waste? Electronic waste such as computer monitor and television contain substances that are harmful to the environment if they are not disposed carefully. Sims Recycling Solutions offers to collect electronic waste such as computer monitor and television to local Sims Recycling Solution disposal centre. We use Sims Recycling Solutions because the company recycles hazardous electronic waste in an environmental friendly way. The company also recycle as much as they can. The company is able to recycle the glass in screens. Photocopiers, toner cartridges and printers can also be recycled. Sims Recycling Solutions has the technology to break toner cartridges for energy recovery and recycle them into raw material in an environmental friendly way. Recycling effective and environmental friendly. Sims Recycling Solutions ensures 100% data disposal in printers and photocopiers as they record everything printed or photocopied in their memory. Where can I dispose IT and computer? How to cite Cloud Computing, Papers

Social anxiety and ruminating in The Love Song Essay Example

Social anxiety and ruminating in The Love Song Paper Social anxiety and ruminating in The Love Song of]. Alfred Froufrou I was very interested in investigating and understanding The Love Song of J. Alfred Froufrou since there are certain coincidences between Froufrou and me. These coincidences are based on behavior, ways of thinking and social performance. In some way I can relate with the anxiety that Froufrou experiences, since I also suffer from (mild) social anxiety. I believe that by analyzing Frocks anxiety I can better understand how it affects other people, myself included. Social anxiety is not as are as we think, but whilst suffering from it we do not necessarily consider how it might affect other people.. In order to better understand Frocks descriptions, we need to have an understanding of social anxiety. : Social anxiety is the fear of social situations and the interaction with other people that can automatically bring on feelings of self-consciousness, Judgment, evaluation, and inferiority. Social anxiety is the fear and anxiety of being Judged and evaluated negatively by other people, leading to feelings of inadequacy, inferiority, embarrassment, humiliation, and oppression. Considering this definition, I will analyze the stanzas of this poem, detecting the parts where social anxiety could be present and the way the images, fragments and memorable phrases build a portrait of the character. This poem can be read in several ways and have different meanings. We will write a custom essay sample on Social anxiety and ruminating in The Love Song specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social anxiety and ruminating in The Love Song specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social anxiety and ruminating in The Love Song specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The following analysis is focused on Froufrou the character, as opposed to Eliot the Poet. It is very important to take into consideration the era in which this poem was published, as at that time there was nothing similar to this poem. The way the author portrays an inner monologue, conscious of his surroundings, is what later would be considered the stream of consciousness in poetry. The Love Song of J. Alfred Froufrou represents a complete break with the nineteenth-century tradition, and a new start. It must have been difficult to take seriously in 1917, for it defies the traditional canon of seriousness. When Souths writes this he refers to the famous phrase l shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled (line 121), but not only that, according to Crower one of the characteristics of this poem is that for some, Ithaca a very powerful meaning, whilst for others, it is Just a poem made of different images without a relationship between them. Froufrou starts somewhere in his epigraph of Dents Inferno, he uncoils through adverbial clauses of dubious specificity past imperatives of uncertain cogency to a do not ask. One function of the epigraphs is to blur the beginning of the poems This helps the reader to Jump from Dante toad hospital bed in a very subtle way. The first stanza starts with the famous the evening is spread out against the sky / Like a patient authorized upon a table (2,3) this comparison sets he context of the poem and the personality of the speaker, Mr Froufrou. It compares the experience of evening to a sick person in hospital who lies unconscious. Two verses are all it takes to understand that the character has a depressive personality and situates the imagery and Froufrou in a hospital where he with a woman doing all the things he would like to be able to do. He talks about encountering the woman in cheap hotels and have one-nightstands. He is also imagining himself in a restaurant eating oyster, which supposedly increase the sexual desire and performance. The action of imagining things that he is not able to do is linked to a kind of anxiety that affects the thoughts about the future in different unreachable scenarios. The second stanza takes us back to the hospital room where women come and go / Talking about Michelangelo according to Leaves this resembles Jules Leapfrog: Dana la piece less femmes von et Viennese / En partial des maitre De Sienna. It is important to notice how again the object of his desire (contact with women) is unreachable and they even talk about an artist whose most important work has to do with virility, David. Michelangelo statue is mostly know for the great heroic, proud, nude male that it portrays, characteristics that our speaker lacks , but he wishes to have. The third stanza talks about a yellow fog that could also be pictured as a cat. It is here where Eliot uses the objective correlative to give a different meaning, an emotional one, to objects. According to Fellow, his intent behind these fragmented images is, as he has argued in his essay Tradition and the Individual Talent, that the progress of an artist is a continual self-sacrifice, a continual extinction of personality. Out of the fragmented images we come away with a coherent analysis of Froufrou-the-character It is interesting to notice that the stanza about the fog is seen by Keener as a paragraph that adapts the syntax to the alienation with composed variety of cadence and formality of apposition, but it does not move forward, it expatiates since the next stanza deals with all the things Mr Froufrou wants to do with time. There will be time is a recurrent motif that could portray the anxious behavior of thinking about the future and worrying about it without a good reason. This behavior could be identified as ruminating, a symptom f depressive disorders, suggesting that Froufrou may have suffered from depression as well as anxiety. In this stanza, Froufrou might be thinking about what he would like to do if he gets a chance with the woman but since he is thinking about all these things to be done before tea time, we can infer that he is still hallucinating. Right after that we have the idea of women coming and going, as nurses do in a hospital, and this reinforces my theory of Froufrou being in the hospital bed while this poem takes place. It is in the following stanza (lines 37 48), we can see the presence of the social anxiety more clearly. And indeed he will have time to ask himself the question Do I dare? which is the phrase that shows that Froufrou is aware of his problem, he is too scared. And that is why he should descend the stair down to earth. He is afraid of what people would think of him, he does not want to expose himself to the mockery of his condition. And he questions himself about disturbing the universe because in his mind that is the way he is, and it would be against the universe to change that. Then the ruminating goes back to an initial phase in which everything that he thinks takes him to the same place. He knows it all already; he has done the same things over and over again. The following three stanzas (7, 8) show how his way of thinking changes. In the first part of this series (49-54) we can perceive Just stillness. In the second one he takes a big step, even when he feels pinned and wriggling on the wall (58) he asks himself how should I begin? questioning how he think about his current condition, by talking about having the bracelet from the hospital. But then he is distracted by the scent of the perfume of the woman, which again makes him imagine and hallucinate He uses the next three stanzas to set a usual way of imagining how he would like to be. One of the most important parts of the poem is where after imagining his perfect scenario he understands, explains and summarizes why he is like this And in short, I was afraid (86). It is because of this verse that I was able to relate Elites poem as one that portrayed a person with social anxieties who recognizes his problems. The subsequent stanza describes how he thinks he would be if he had a second chance to change everything. He mentions Lazarus inferring that he sees himself not living how he should, he would like to born again to have the opportunity of doing everything he wanted, but now he feels dead. And in this imaginary world he feels like all those efforts would have been worth it, after all. It is important to notice that the idea of being in a hospital continues developing through the entire poem, in line 105 we encounter the as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen which resembles a heart monitor. I agree with Pound regarding the stanza about Hamlet: l dislike the paragraph about Hamlet, but it is an early and cherished bit and T. E. Wont give it up, ND as it is the only portion of the poem that most readers will like at first reading, I dont see that it will do much harm. I believe it does not add an idea to the poem, except for the self-judgment of going from a prince to feeling like a fool and how the different inner parts of the character of Froufrou grow old and see his life become more and more meaningless He tries to avoid that (what? By asking himself what to do. The action of parting the hair behind gives a clue of how he could try not to give so much importance to the fact of growing old and having white hair. The intention of dare to eat a peach refers to the sexual act that he wants but is too scared to do. Again he hears female voices, this time those of mermaids talking to each other, scenario similar to that of the nurses talking about Michelangelo. The final stanzas induce the experience of a calming ocean breeze, while he is being taken to the chambers of the sea along with girls. When he finally hears human voices upon waking, he drowns. If we follow my theory of him being in a hospital bed, this ending could be the climax of a hallucination induced by the ether in the first stanza. When the effect of the ether is over, he goes back to reality, to his reality full of frustrations, panic and fear. This is the reality that drowns him. Pound understands this as Mr Froufrou does not go off at the end. It is a portrait of failure, a character which fails, and it would be false art to make it end on a note of triumph. Rosenthal refers to this, explaining: His power of evocation is extraordinary and closely linked to something like social embarrassment in his early work. The Love Song of J. Alfred Froufrou, his first published poem except in school and university Gaines, is a perfect instance. It is the essential music of self-consciousness. This music of self consciousness has a lot to do with the title of the poem, The point of calling this poem a Love Song lies in the irony that it will never be sung: that Froufrou will never dare to voice what he feels. But Froufrou however will be very conscious of his own behavior. This is also linked to Elites perception of the purpose of There are great prose dramatists Who have at times done things of which I would not otherwise have supposed prose to be capable, but who seem to me, in pity of their success to have been hampered in expression by writing prose. This peculiar range of sensibility can be expressed by dramatic poetry, at its moments of greate st intensity. At such moments, we touch the border of those feelings which only music can express.

Captial Punishment

Captial Punishment The justification of capital punishment has been an on going debate for quite sometime. As in the case of any argument theirs two sides too each argument. In this particular argument "society's self defense" essay by Amber Young the opposed battle the idea of capital punishment and think that overall its unjust and falls under cruel and unusual punishment.Amber Young's evaluations on the issue of capital punishment reaches out to everyone and leave a trembling thought in ones mind. The thought or picture left is the number of helpless innocent victims that were brutally killed by Ted Bundy. This picture alone lets one feel no pity or remorse for Ted bundy. This essay clearly refutes the opposed arguments and brings in evidence to support her reasoning. The majority of her arguments are strong though in some of her reason's there could be a stronger persuasive voice in convincing the readers one way or the other.An ad from the Ecologist Green Party in Mexico pro...In examining the dea th penalty, this particular argument is trying to justify the death penalty through the case of Ted Bundy; Young uses good evidence and support giving a particular example of what happened when the death penalty was not in order. Young claims that Bundy had escaped twice from prison. From Bundys escape he was able to rape and murder six innocent victims, not including the previous thirty-two victims. If Bundy was only sentenced to death at least six people's lives could have been saved.(32-33) Young then furthers her reasoning showing the loop holes in the judicial system explaining that if he is not sentenced to death he still has the possible means of either escaping again, or even the possibilities of parole. This appeals to the safety of our people and questions are true safety even if Bundy is behind...

Star Clusters

Star Clusters Star clusters are just what the name says they are: groupings of stars that can include anywhere from a few dozen to hundreds of thousands or even millions of stars! There are two general types of clusters: open and globular.   Open Clusters The open clusters, such as the Beehive in the constellation of Cancer and the Pleiades that grace the sky in Taurus, are groups born in the same area of space but are only  loosely  gravitationally bound together. Eventually, as they travel through the galaxy, these stars  wander apart from each other. Open clusters usually have up to  a thousand or so members, and their  stars are  not more than 10 billion years old. These clusters  are much more likely to be found in the disks of spiral and in irregular galaxies, which contain more star-forming material than older, more evolved elliptical galaxies. The Sun was born in an open cluster that formed about 4.5 billion years ago. As it moved through our rotating galaxy, it left its siblings behind long ago. Globular Clusters Globular clusters are the mega-clusters of the cosmos. They orbit the central core of our galaxy, and their thousands and thousands of  stars are held together by a strong mutual gravity  that creates a sphere or globe of stars. Generally speaking, stars in globulars are among the oldest  in the universe, and they formed early in a galaxy’s history. For example, there are stars in globulars orbiting our galaxys core that were born when the universe (and our galaxy) was quite young.   Why Are Clusters Important to Study? Most stars are born in these big batches within large stellar nurseries.Observing and measuring stars in clusters gives astronomers great insight into the environments in which they formed. Stars born recently often are more metal-rich than those that formed much earlier in history.  Metal-rich means that they contain more elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, such as carbon and oxygen.  If their birth clouds were rich in certain kinds of elements, then those stars will contain higher amounts of those materials. If the cloud was metal-poor (that is, if had a lot of hydrogen and helium, but very few other elements), then the stars it formed will be metal-poor. Stars in some globular clusters in the Milky Way are quite metal-poor, which indicates they formed when the universe was very young and there hadnt been time to form enough of the heavier elements.   When you look at a star cluster, youre seeing the the basic building blocks of galaxies. Open clusters provide the stellar population of a galaxys disk while the globulars hark back to a time when their galaxies were forming through collisions and interactions. Both stellar populations are clues to the ongoing evolution of their galaxies and of the universe. For stargazers, clusters can be fantastic observation targets. A few well-known open clusters are naked-eye objects.  The Hyades is another choice target, also in Taurus. Other targets include the Double Cluster (an pair of open clusters in Perseus), the Southern Pleiades (near Crux in the Southern Hemisphere), the globular cluster 47 Tucanae (a  fabulous sight in Southern Hemisphere constellation Tucana), and the globular cluster M13 in Hercules (easy to spot with binoculars or a small telescope).

To Spy Or Not To Spy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

To Spy Or Not To Spy - Essay Example The CEO advocates for the spyware software because he thinks it will enable the management to monitor all the activities of the employees while at work, and in turn, improve their productivity and efficiency while discharging their duties and responsibilities. However, the other members of the management and board are against this move because it is an outright proof to the employees that the management does not have any trust and confidence in their work. As such, there are fears that this move will reduce the output of employees rather than improving it as even the employees are against the infringement of their privacy through unnecessary spying by the management while at work. They rather advocate for evaluation and appraisal of the output of employees as opposed to their production process as the latter affects their productivity. The management comes to an agreement to reduce the scope of monitoring and spying on employees while at work. This at least brings about some form of understanding between the members of the board of directors and executive management. In addition, this move instills more confidence among the employees who feel that the organization trusts them a little more by not monitoring all the moves and activities that they undertake while at their workplace The reason why the management and the board of directors settled on the second option of reducing the rate of spying the employees was majorly that this agreement would bring about some form of understanding between the top decision makers of the company. If the CEO were to go ahead and implement his proposition against the wills and desires of the other members of the board and management team, he would receive maximum resistance, which in turn would erode the desired effects of the planned move. In addition, this would also create tension within the institution, which is not good for the normal operations of the company to ensure maximum productivity.

Arab Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Arab Culture - Essay Example Arabic culture traces its roots from the Arabian Peninsula next to the Sabaens where they ended up migrating the near east that consists of the ancient cities of Mesopotamia and Lavant. In order to understand better the Arabic culture, it is important to look at several key factors that define the great culture. Language factors, religious viewpoint and practices, fashion and architecture are some vital areas that shape the great Arabic culture. My essay analyses the Arab culture in depth looking at the very important factors that drives its existence. Arabic language having a close relation to Aramaic and Hebrew is evidently the chief language in the Semitic category of Afro-Asiatic language (Young). All the Arabian nations including some Islamic communities have adopted the Arabic language as their own making it the vernacular language and the most holy in their life. Qur’an, the Islamic holy book, written in Arabic shows this great culture’s contribution to the Islamic religion where they find it difficult to translate it into any other language and fail to lose the teachings of the Holy book. Classical Arabic is the name given to the language that is used in The Holy Qur’an, having some distinction from the modern day Arabic language. The book contains chapters and verses written in various parables, verses and narratives that are an inspiration by Allah. This holy book is the major source of inspiration and teachings among the Islam religion, guiding their morals and behavior in the larger society. Most Arabs are Muslims embracing the Islamic religion. Islam being the second most popular world religion Christianity coming first is a monotheist type of religion believing in the existence of one God whom they refer to as Allah (Mikenola). The scriptures that govern the Islamic religion are all included in the holy Qur’an that was revealed to the Muslim faith through their prophet Muhammad.

Analysis Of The Financial Report Of Burberry Finance Essay

Analysis Of The Financial Report Of Burberry Finance Essay In this section we are considering the Annual Report 2009-10 of Burberry and will compare Burberrys performance in this year with the previous years. When financial year 2009-10 started i.e. April 2009, Burberrys main issues of concerns were weak and highly uncertain consumer spending environment (because of prevalent recession). Following which groups main goals were established: Expense Reduction Working Capital Management Indeed, they succeeded up to a remarkable level under most strategic, operational and financial measures. Performance of Burberry was among the best relative to its peers either public or private. Highlights of Burberrys important strategic and operational decision in 2009-10:  £50 M cost efficiency program-helped in reduction of Cost of Sales Upgrading wholesale distribution and restructuring the operations in Spain To maximize Gross Margin, continued to reduce assortment size across categories-resulting in increased Gross Margin from 52.1 % to 59.7% Improved inventory management- inventory reduced 36% over year Added 21 stores with 9% space extension These mentioned decisions helped Burberry perform strongly in 2009-10 and resulted in improved financial strength. Key financial strengths during the period are: Total revenue growth 7%- Revenue  £1.3bn Adjusted operating profit increased 22%  £220M increase Diluted adjusted EPS increased 16% to 35.1p Financial Ratios: Financial ratios are widely used be managers, shareholders, creditors and analysts for all kind of purposes. Firth (1975) proclaimed that these can be used for two purposes. These are: To compare companys latest performance with its performance in earlier periods To make comparisons with corresponding ratios of other firms Following is an analysis of the companys financial ratios and a comparison with the preceding year and its peers: Profitability Ratios: Return on Capital Employed (ROCE): Formula: Net profit before tax/ (All shareholders fund + long term debt) Significance: Profits earned from the two major sources of finance for the company viz. investment by shareholders- shareholders fund and financial institutions mostly- long term debt. The effectiveness of the management in utilising the funds is indicated by ROCE. The return for the FY 2009-10 is 26.03%. It shows a significant change when compared to the previous years return of NEGATIVE 2.78%. A quick glance at the operating profit for the last two years reveals the reason behind such a big leap forward. The company has performed tremendously in the last financial year. From an operating LOSS of  £9.9M for the year ended 31 March 2009 to a significant operating PROFIT of  £171.1M for the year ended 31 March 2010, shows the efficient and effective measures the company had adopted over the year. Even if the comparison is made between adjusted operating profits (after considering the exceptional items) for the last two years, we can see a significant difference of  £39.1M (219.9-180.8). All of this shows that the business is effectively earning on shareholders fund and long term debt generated. Ratio Formula Significance Net margin Net profit before tax/ Total revenue The net profit percentage on the entire revenue earned for the financial year Gross margin Gross profit/ Total revenue The gross margin percentage on the revenue earned for the financial year It is the one of the most commonly used profitability ratio. It shows the net margin with respect to the amount of sales. In 2010 it got increased from -1.34% (2009) to almost 13%. In 2009, Burberry reported negative profit i.e. loss. Main reasons behind this were: High Cost of Sales in 2009 (12.5 % higher than 2010) Higher operating cost (6.71%)in 2008-09 which was mainly because of Goodwill impairment in global market(mainly Spain)  £116.2 million Relocation of headquarters Store impairment and onerous lease provisions Increase in NPM shows that Burberry has controlled its costs effectively in 2009-10. It demonstrates effectiveness of Burberry at converting sales into actual profit. Gross Margin: There is an increase from 55.41% (2009) to 62.82%. It shows that Burberry has increased its gross profit by 7.4 p per  £1 of turnover. It is because of higher sales and low cost of sales in 2010. Sales Growth: Formula: (Present sales- Previous sales) / Previous sales Sales increased from  £1200M (2009) to  £1280M (2010) i.e. an increase by almost 7%. Adapted: Burberry Annual Report 2009-10 Sales growth is one of the KPIs. The above graph shows the revenue earned by Burberry in the last five years. The overall growth shows the increasing trend followed by the company in spite of its macro-economic conditions. This proves the companys ability to capture the market being a luxury brand. Liquidity Ratios: They show the companys ability and the ease with which it can lay its hands on liquid cash. In other words, these ratios signify the liquidity position of the company. The main components of these ratios are the current assets and current liabilities which are also the factors that determine the working capital of the company. Current Ratio: Formula: Total Current Assets/ Total Current Liabilities This is the one of the best known measures that indicates the liquidity position of the company. There is an increase in Current Ratio in 2010 as compared to 2009 which indicates that Burberry has improved its ability to meet the payment schedule of its current debts. The change from 1.36:1 in 2009 to 1.53:1 in 2010 shows the efficiency in working capital requirements. Having current assets equivalent to 1.53 times of current liabilities shows a moderate approach from the management not being too aggressive by holding less current assets nor too conservative by holding more current assets leading to high opportunity cost. Quick Ratio/Acid Test: Formula: (Total current assets-stock)/total current liabilities It measures companys ability to meet short-term obligations with its most liquid assets. An acceptable ratio should be at least 1:1. However in 2009 it was .87 which is not sufficient. An increase from .87 to 1.2 over a period of one year demonstrates that Burberry has stronger liquidity position than it had before. Shareholders POV: Collier (2009) state that Dividends are a decision made by directors on the basis of the proportion of profits they want to distribute and capital needed to be retained in the business to fund growth. (p.114) Shareholders invest in a companys stock with the motive of higher returns through dividends or capital gains. The idea of investing in the shares of a company may give higher returns compared to the other secure investments like bank. However, the risk is also more. The investors measure the prospects of a stock under various scales. Few of them are as follows: Dividend per share (DPS): Formula: Dividends paid/ number of shares Often DPS is the measure of a companys performance because it indicates how profitable a company is over a period of time. In Burberrys case, its excellent performance is reflected through the increase in the dividend per share paid to shareholders. As at 31st march 2010, Burberry had 435,024,782 ordinary shares, of which 77,215 were held as treasury shares, shares that have been bought back by the issuing corporation and is available for retirement or resale; it is issued but not outstanding; it cannot vote and pays no dividends. (http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=treasury%20shares) As per annual report, Burberry has proposed dividend of  £45.7M, which is 20% higher than last year ( £37.7M). This increases its dividend per share to 10.5p from 8.65p. It also increased interim dividend, which is declared and distributed before the calculations of companys annual earnings, per share slightly from 3.35p to 3.50p during year. So, the total dividend per share is 14p for the year ending 2010 giving a 17% increase from 12p in 2009. Dividend Yield: Formula: Dividend per share/ market value per share It shows the relationship between dividends and market share by expressing a companys dividend as a percentage of its share price. However, dividend yield fluctuates with share price. Burberrys shares price was 276.25 on 27 March 2009 and 725.00 on 1 April 2010. (http://www.google.co.uk/finance?client=obq=LON:BRBY) Using its share price value at financial year end, dividend yield is 1.93% in 2010 and 4.3% in 2009. This need not represent that Burberry has decreased its value in investors eye. This fall is because of 163% increase in share price of Burberry, which made increase in dividend less significant. Dividend Payout Ratio: Formula: Dividend paid / (profit after tax i.e. net income) or the ratio of dividend per share and earnings per share. It helps in predicting how well earnings support the dividend payments. Investors seeking high current income and limited capital growth prefer companies with high Dividend payout ratio. However investors seeking capital growth may prefer lower payout ratio because capital gains are taxed at a lower rate. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dividend_payout_ratio) For 2010: it is 14/36 = 38.88 % 2009: 12/31= 39.2% It is almost similar in both years, which shows that Burberry is maintaining the balance between interest of shareholders and expansion of business. Earnings per share (EPS): Formula: profit after tax or net earnings/ number of shares Burberry calculates EPS on the basis of both diluted and basic. When all convertible securities such as convertible preference shares, convertible debts, convertible debentures and warrants exercised; number of outstanding shares increases. This is called Diluted weighted average number of shares, the basis of Diluted EPS. As number of outstanding shares increases, Diluted EPS is always lower than Basic EPS. It is more accurate to use a  Diluted EPS over the reporting term; because the  number of shares outstanding can change over time (We can observe this in annual report that Burberry has always mentioned diluted EPS). In 2010, Diluted weighted average number of shares was about 442 million with dilution effect of 9.3 million. In 2009, it was 438.1 million with dilution effect of 6.8 million. Earnings were  £81.4 million in 2010 as compared to loss of 6 million in 2009, because of reasons mentioned before. This leads Basic EPS to 18.8p (-1.4% in 2009) and Diluted EPS to 18.4p (-1.4% in 2009). Using details of exceptional items in note 4 of annual report 2009-10, adjusted earnings are  £155.2million and  £132.1 million for 2010 and 2009 respectively. This leads to Adjusted Basic EPS to 35.9p (30.6p in 2009) and Adjusted Diluted EPS to 35.1 (30.2 in 2009). Increase in Adjusted Diluted EPS by 17 % is mainly because of 17 % increase in adjusted profit as weighted number of shares is almost same. This increase represents better performance of Burberry in 2009-10. Price-Earnings (P/E) Ratio: Formula: Market value per share/ EPS It is the valuation of companys current share price compared to the per share earnings. This ratio reveals the popularity of a stock because it reflects how much people are willing to pay for it (http://library.thinkquest.org/3298/NoFrames/help/glossary.html). The P/E ratio can be interpreted as number of years of earnings to pay back purchase price, ignoring the time value of money (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P/E_ratio). For 2010 P/E ratio is 725/35.9= 20 and for 2009 it is 276/30.1= 9.2 There is almost two times increase in P/E ratio. This is because of increase in share price by 163%. This increase makes Burberrys stock more attractive than previous year. Bottom line: The above analysis from a shareholders POV leaves an overall positive impact on the investors or the potential investors. Considering the shareholders return, profitability, growth rate the company has been maintaining and the increasing trend in the share value, it would be more than likely a wise decision to invest in the Burberrys stock. Gearing effect: Tools used: Gearing ratio: long-term debt/ (shareholders funds + long-term debt) This ratio gives the proportion of funds which is borrowed from outside in the entire capital employed, than from the shareholders (through issue of shares). This is also called the leverage ratio. The method of introducing debts in place of equity is referred to as trading on equity leverage Collier (2009) states that Higher the gearing, higher is the burden on repaying the debts and the associated interest. Also, if profits turn down, there are substantially more risks carried by the highly geared business. (p.108) However, there is a relationship between risk and return which is to be analysed. Higher proportion of long term debt signifies two issues: Higher return for shareholders Less tax burden Burberry in 2009 has a gearing of 52.72%. For the year ending 2010, it is 43.06% i.e. 56.94% of equity. This shows that their almost half of the sources of finance is through long term borrowings. The effect of generating finance through debts than through equity is shown on the return the shareholders are enjoying. It also shows the company has been closely monitoring tax burden. This is because the provision made for the interest obligation/payment is reflected in reducing the profits, thereby a lower tax on lower profits. However, the debts carry with them the interest obligation and repayment commitments. This way the company has been trying to balance between debt and equity. In the financial year 2009-10, the company has reduced its debt content trying to be a little conservative. The capital structure can be considered to be moderate. Interest cover: Profit before interest tax/ interest payable This represents the profit available, to meet the interest obligation, in terms of the interest payable (number of times). Higher interest cover leaves less strain on the profits and giving a cushion with profit AFTER interest and before tax. Profit before interest and tax: Interest payable: For 2010:  £171.1M  £6.2M For 2009:  £ (9.9) M Loss  £13.4M Interest cover for the year 2009-10 is 27.6 times. This is a highly impressive cover leaving a comfortable position. Considering the loss in the previous year and still maintaining this is very efficient. The decrease in interest commitment this year can be related to the reduction in the debt content of the capital structure (gearing ratio). Financial Risk Management Overview: Burberry deals with variety of financial instruments viz. derivatives, short term and long term borrowings, trade receivables/payables etc. It also combines with variety of financial risks. However, the risk management is carried out by a dedicated Group Treasury under the approval of Board of Directors. Guidelines/ Tools: To reduce the financial risk and ensure sufficient (OPTIMAL) liquidity position Work closely with the business requirements Uses derivative instruments to hedge certain risk exposures Market Risk: Foreign Exchange Risk: Risk: Multiple foreign currency transactions because of international operations Tools/Policies: Entering into forward foreign exchange contracts Hedge anticipated cash flows in each major foreign currency Monitor the desirability of hedging the net assets of the overseas subsidiaries when translated into Sterling for reporting purposes. At 31 March 2010, the Group has performed sensitivity analysis to determine the effect of non-Sterling currencies strengthening/weakening. Price Risk: Risk: Fluctuations in employers national insurance liability due to movements in the share price. Tools/Policies: Entering into equity swaps at the time of granting share options. Monitor the fluctuations in the liability on a continuous basis. Cash flow interest rate risk: Risk: Fluctuations in the interest rates. Tools/Policies: Use interest rate swap derivatives to manage fixed and floating rate borrowings within limits. Credit Risk: Risk: Possible bad debts. Tools/Policies: Wholesale sales only with appropriate credit history/check. Retail sales only through cash or major credit cards. Maximum credit risk exposure is classified separately and attended. Liquidity Risk: Risk: Maintaining sufficient cash balance. Tools/Policies: Maturity profile is established All short term creditors, accruals, bank overdrafts and borrowings within one year. Compliance with all the committed banks credit guidelines. Capital Risk: Risk: Returns to shareholders and other stakeholders; Maintain Going concern. Tools/Policies: Maintain strong credit rating. Appropriate capital structure mix debt and equity. Adjustments according to the economic changes and its strategic objectives. Analysis of the above: All of the above represents the measures adopted by Burberry to meet the Financial Risks. The company having a dedicated risk management team in order to face the risks gives a confidence in the minds. However, they should be continuously aware of the fact that a large corporate like Burberry will have to attend to growing/new risks by anticipating well in advance. They may include a deeper analysis in the following areas: Working capital cycle: Inventory management, EOQ/JIT methods, optimum cash model. Financing needs. Other sources of finance can be analyzed like debt factoring. Capital budgeting decisions before expanding or investing on a project. WACC Weighted average cost of capital is to be considered before deciding the capital structure. Comparisons with the market rate and interest rates prevailing. The overall financial risk management shows the companys ability to address almost all the possible risks efficiently and effectively. Conclusion: With comparison to most of the essential parameters, it can be concluded that Burberry plc showed a promising performance in the last completed financial year 2009-10. Not just with regard to the financial performance, but also in satisfying the shareholders with competent returns. A birds eye view shows the company has made a great comeback this year with a significant profit. However, a deeper penetration/analysis into the last year financials reveals that the loss made in 2008-09 is because of high cost of sales with a difference of  £59.8M compared to the recent year, goodwill impairment charge to the extent of  £116.2M, relocation of HQ costing around  £7.9M and other expansion charges. Also, the above report shows the companys transparency in complying with the Corporate Governance and commitment in attending to its Corporate Social Responsibility, employees welfare etc. Burberry showed continuous interest in brand integrity, being a true leader in luxury brands, and market growth through expansion. Indeed, highly motivated. All this leads to only reaffirm the companys continued efforts in excelling beyond horizons among its peers financially, ethically, and morally!

Great Sales People Born or Bred Essay

Great Sales People: Born or Bred Introduction                   Having a well-oiled sales team that can sell a company’s services, reputation, and the brand is the desire of any employer. Asales team is a crucial element that determines customer loyalty to use a company’s product and services over and over. Sales team also plays a role deterring the customers’ choice of which firm to get their money in retune for a satisfying service. It would be erroneous to argue that you cannot improve the personality through training and also illogical to argue that knowledge and skills are inborn that no training or study can enhance it. The controversy on sales success is confined in the falsity that a greater personality can be nourished to make it even better (Forsyth, 2010). Similarly, employers encounter a tough experience training freshmen of the firm’s product and services, to increase their understanding. Such ability to learn about the product relates to the capacity to analyze and learn the minds of clients and improve the power to capture their attention to the products offered by the firm. Sales sector is one critical unit that is directly traceable to the gross output of a firm considering the entire value chain efforts imposed on products and the ultimate user being the customer.                   Just like any other value in the world, the question of personality is a formless, indescribable, insubstantial, and inexpressible ambiguous attribute a sales person could have, but a constructive and definite character of an individual capable of further improvement and through theoretical and practical methods. It is often absurd to stick to the belief that sales persons are entirely gifted insinuating the attributes cannot be acquired by any other means. As Quick (1992) puts it, the idea of purely acquiring the sales skills and knowledge through training is equally dangerous as the â€Å"gift† belief. The history of world achievement by outstanding individuals disapproves these arguments as other have significantly achieved beyond others’ previous achievements by learning new ways of doing things. Sales field is not an exemption especially in today’s dynamic economy where inventions and customized brands are the order of business (Forsyth).                   However, learning about sales is quite expensive and many willing individuals find themselves at the end of the rope before the entire in-service training is finished. Learning by experience is much better than just using past experiences that teaches less or nothing at all. Using personal past experiences is better than using others past experience that makes an individual lag behind by trying to profit from a virtual experience (Johnson, 2000) . It is important to mention that as much as some would learn from experience of others, such a method demands a scientific scrutiny by using facts and figures. Therefore, employers and sale leaders have a duty to spot top sales talents with a strong and commendable background in sales and marketing. Most HR managers possess the view that perfect sales people are born: a person can be trained to perfect the sales skills but the basic drive for success has to exist in a person’s inner being. They have to be aggressive, competitive, and able to handle the hard knocks that come with sales; celebrating and enjoying the passion of the roller-coaster, sales are not exceptional in this field. It is remarkably evident the best sales people have something to prove their achievement: either their career, financially, family or others’ success. A sales professional called Daryl (2013) provides a thought of both aspects of born and bred sale people: in her successful career in financial technology and outsourcing industry, Daryl argues that certain personalities provides themselves to being great sales persons and they only require training to finesse the skills.                   The best known sales people are generally confident do well in dealing with people they meet for the first time, good in team building, dealing with tenacious characters and maintaining acquisitive relationships. These natural abilities when combined with a little training and experience refine their character building great sales persons. Employers are obliged to nature these natural skills, mentoring them and guiding to allow a profitable utilization of the skills in the environment. Those considered as born sellers succeed, but eventually fail for not utilizing the other aspect of breeding. At this level it is right to point that successive selling is achieved by utilizing born sellers’ attributes like confidence, tenacity and passion for promoting a firm’s products and services. Failure is experienced in a case where born attributes have not been bred to dig into customers mind by asking questions to enable them fully understand the kin d of products or service they can derive from a seller. Without training, a customer may perceive the seller as having not fully developed a solid foundation of empathy and trust upon which a client feels should be presented on products and service provision. A sense of equality is offered through questioning a customer about their wants and needs: a feeling of privilege is built upon the process of enquiry creating a mutual satisfaction (Hession, 2001).                   Sellers considered as â€Å"born† have often succeed in their career due to their desire to create a mutual coexistence with their customers, openness, and asking insightful questions aiming to get to the bottom of the matter before the deal is terminated. Therefore, more friendly sellers reassure the customer that their interest are catered for building their trust and understanding driving the customer to even purchase more from the same firm. On the other hand, bred sellers stand a better position to sell or closing the sale due to lack of pushy or selling concern, a different case with â€Å"born† sellers.                   For a person with a desire to excel in sales, they need to top making excuses based on their personality, but start from where they are now. Achieving full potential in this field calls for a positive mindset of learning and progressive development of skills and â€Å"born† attributes that makes greater sales professional. These attributes are only learnt by bold person with the gut to risk their social reputation as they practice it. According to Harvard Business Review (2011), an estimate of 70% of successful sales team has inborn natural instincts that greatly determine their sales career path and success. On the other hand, a 30 percent and below is a group of self made sales persons implying that they learnt from the selling environment without the benefits of natural attributes. More so, the analysis presented a 40 percent of people who enter the sales field without these natural instincts, but later fail or quit. Another 40 percent will per form at an average rate, with the remaining portion performing above the average. It is important to point out that the figures above vary by the type of industry and the nature of products or services sold.                   Based on past studies, the question of discussion should lie on what determines the fate of sales persons without natural traits. It might be simple to mention the obvious factors that lead to success of a sales team like hard work, passion, persistence, empathy, intelligence and integrity, but another set of key factors worth listing are greed, language specialization, modeling the experience, political insight and language power. The most important distinguishing element in the success of a self-made sales person is the language power. More often than not, sales person recite the features and benefits they offer, but finds it had to hold an intelligent conversation about the firm’s daily operations (Bird, 2012). It is paramount that business firms develop their own language to deal with technical issues relating to the daily operation in order to facilitate a mutual comprehensive understanding of meaning of words and terminologies used. A techni cal consist of abbreviations and acronyms used on their products.                   According to Bird (2012), the ability of a sales person to analyze comparable experiences and similar data into expected molds is referred to as modeling of experience. Sales activities involve a continuous consolidation and accumulation of like information from customer interactions and sales calls. From these activities, sales person are able to predict future happenings under similar situations and plan for the right responsive actions. Self- made and successful people stand a better chance of storing, and retrieval of all information that occur during sale cycles and calls. This experience is a better way of learning from experience, by ensuring past mistakes are avoided in future sales activities. A political acumen is another important element in ensuring openness and diverse approach to selling and dealing with customers. Sales is a practice that take s a human nature where, the outcome is determined by people and politics breeding successful sale s team should prioritize on political acumen to effectively determine customers’ motivation and influence to their decision. Greed applies in sales on a different dimension from the normal association with a corrupt character: the term is applied in reference to the desire of a better pay for one’s time. Time is a factor that determines how much a sales person gets at the end of the deals made, and therefore effort should focus on winning as many deals as possible within a limited time. It is the greed that motivates sales person to push hard for a better gain (Bird, 2012). Therefore, a lesser sales person does not possess this trait that act as an inward drive to settle as many deals as they can. Conclusion                   The above variations presents a better opportunity for sales leaders to train their â€Å"born† sellers (considered successful in their own right), by analyzing what a successful and efficient sales force feels, interacts and sounds like considering the strengths and weakness of both types of sellers. According to this analysis, the role of a sales leader includes developing the existing sales team to offer different types of services. Similarly, when recruiting, a leader should identify the candidates with a desire to be nurtured and molded to fit in the effective sales team. A seller needs to be ‘all rounded’, and not only a tradition â€Å"born† seller termed as successful without fully realizing their potential. Many self-made and successive sales persons have learnt to apply their acquired experience a profit5able manner to build their intuition. It is important to understand what counts and spend time on it while navigati ng to powerful decision makers to find a chance to convince them buy from your firm References Bird, T. (2012). Brilliant selling: What the Best Sales People Know, Do and Say. Harlow: Prentice Hall Busines. Forsyth, P. (2010). 100 Great Sales Ideas(New ed) From Leading Companies Around the World. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish. Hession, R. (2001). Drive a Great Sales team for Sales Managers Who Want Results. Oxford: How To Books. Johnson, T. (2000). Effective Sales Management,Hhow to Build a Winning Sales Team. Los Altos, Calif: Crisp. Quick, L. T. (1992). Making Your Sales Team #1. New York: AMACOM, American Management. Source document

Pride And Prejudice By Jane Austen - 1595 Words

Jane Austen wrote about the world in which women had no rights and no importance outside of marriage. Pride and Prejudice was written in 1813. Romanticism begins around 1789. Their priorities consists of emotionalism, self consciousness, respect for dignity of childhood, an interest in folk culture, and primitive origins for rural life.Pride and Prejudice is a window into the lives of young eighteenth century British women. â€Å"Romanticism reflected a deep appreciation of the beauties of nature. For the romantics, nature was how the spirit was revealed to humankind. They believed that emotion and the senses could lead to higher truths than either reason or the intellect could.† (Phillips, pg. 5) Marriage is the ultimate goal and primary†¦show more content†¦The five daughters are, Lydia, Kitty, Mary, Jane, and Elizabeth. They’re all quite different. Lydia and Kitty are the youngest, very wild, and in a hurry to marry a soldier. Mary is very smart, and doesn’t really care for much that isn’t logical. Jane keeps her feelings and thoughts to herself, though she is close to Elizabeth, she doesn’t tell her everything. Elizabeth is very strong minded and very opinionated on things. Mr. Bingley’s wealth and social prominence make him a good candidate for a young single women. The oldest daughter, Jane, soon finds out that Mr.Bingley enjoys her. Elizabeth Bennet wants nothing to do with the neighbors. Although, she enjoys Mr. Bingley, she finds his family and close friend, Mr. Darcy’s lack of respect. Mr. Wickham intensifies her dislike for the interest in man of Longbourn. Mr. Collins visits the Bennet family. He is a clergyman and will be the inheritor of the Bennet’s house and land upon Mr. Bennett s death. Mr. Collins is in want of a wife and decides to try to marry one of the Bennet daughters, so that any unmarried daughter can still live at the house. Lady Catherine demands him to marry. He obeyed her as usual, and first likes Jane, but Mrs. Bennet tells him that Jane is soon to be married. However, Mrs. Bennet suggest Elizabeth in sake of the family. She refused him, believing that a marriage without love is not worth while. Within a day,

Frankenworms Dancing Gummy Worms Science Experiment

Turn ordinary motionless gummy worms into creepy, wriggling Frankenworms in this easy science experiment. Frankenworms Materials Gummy wormsBaking soda (sodium bicarbonate)WaterVinegar (dilute acetic acid)2 glassesScissors or kitchen shears Let's Make Frankenworms! Use the scissors or kitchen shears to cut the gummy worms in half or into quarters lengthwise. You want long, thin strips of worms.Drop the worm strips in one glass. Add a couple of spoonfuls of baking soda and enough water to dissolve some of the baking soda. If all of the baking soda dissolves, add more until some undissolved powder remains.Let the worms soak in the baking soda solution for 15 minutes to half an hour.Pour vinegar into the other glass. Drop a baking-soda-soaked worm into the vinegar. What happens? At first, nothing appears to happen. Then, bubbles start to form on the surface of the worm. The worm starts to move. After some time, the reaction stops and the worm stills. Why Do the Worms Move? The gummy worms wriggle because a chemical reaction between baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and vinegar (weak acetic acid) produces carbon dioxide gas. This is the same reaction that causes a baking soda and vinegar volcano to erupt lava! The tiny gas bubbles released by the reaction stick to the body of the gummy worms, eventually merging into bubbles big enough to float part of the worm. If the gas bubble detaches, it floats to the surface while that part of the gummy worm sinks back down. Tips for Success If your worms appear dead in the water, you may be able to revive them: See if you can cut the worms thinner. You may wish to ask an adult for help. A thinner gummy worm is a lighter gummy worm and thus much easier to make move. Thin worms absorb baking soda better, too.Try adding more baking soda to the soaking solution or soaking the worms longer. The baking soda needs to get into the gelatin that makes up the worms so that it can react with the vinegar to make bubbles.